Glossary of e-Assessment

The design of assessment content and delivery systems to ensure that all learners, including those with disabilities or diverse language backgrounds, can participate fairly. In the FLIP+ Library, accessibility is a quality standard applied to all shared items.

An assessment approach where the difficulty of questions adjusts in real time based on a learner’s responses, allowing for more precise measurement with fewer items.

A time-limited access arrangement offered to FLIP+ association members (outside the founding Consortium) to use the FLIP+ Library from March to December 2026. Beta participants contribute content, provide feedback, and help shape the platform’s next phase.

Any form of assessment delivered through a computer or digital device, as opposed to paper-based assessment. Also known as digital assessment or e-assessment.

The group of five national FLIP+ member institutions and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics that co-fund and co-govern the FLIP+ Library. Consortium members have full platform access and governance rights.

Any form of assessment that uses electronic tools or platforms for delivery, response collection, scoring or reporting. The focus area of the FLIP+ community.

Assessment used during the learning process to monitor progress and provide feedback, as distinct from summative assessment which evaluates learning at the end of a period.

European Union regulation governing the collection, use and protection of personal data. The FLIP+ Library is designed to be fully GDPR-compliant.

A psychometric framework for analysing the relationship between a learner’s ability and their probability of answering a given item correctly. Used to calibrate and compare items across different assessment contexts.

A single question or task within an assessment. Items in the FLIP+ Library have been created and piloted by real public educational institutions.

A collection of validated assessment items, typically organised with metadata and psychometric information, from which tests or assessments can be assembled.

An open standard that allows assessment tools and content to be integrated into learning management systems. The FLIP+ Library is working toward LTI integration to enable teacher-level access.

Structured descriptive information attached to an assessment item, such as subject, education level, language, curriculum alignment, cognitive demand and psychometric properties.

The science of measuring educational, psychological and cognitive constructs. In the context of the FLIP+ Library, psychometric data includes difficulty estimates, discrimination parameters and usage statistics from real national administrations.

An international open standard for the exchange of assessment items and tests between different platforms and systems. The FLIP+ Library supports QTI-compatible content.

UNESCO Sustainable Development Goal 4.1, which calls for universal quality education and the ability to measure learning outcomes reliably. The FLIP+ Library directly supports SDG 4.1 by providing shared, validated assessment content to education systems worldwide.

A thematic group of FLIP+ member institution representatives who collaborate to produce shared outputs — assessment content, quality standards, technical tools or research. FLIP+ currently has six active Working Groups.